Cost Value Research Articles

Key technologies of end-side computing power network based on multi-granularity and multi-level end-side computing power scheduling

With the development of modern society, business organizations have higher and higher requirements for the efficiency of cloud computing services. In order to improve the comprehensive computing capability of cloud computing network, it is very important to optimize its end-side computing power. This research takes the Hadoop platform as the computing end-side cloud computing network structure as the research object, and designs a Hadoop end-side multi-granularity and multi-level multi-level network that integrates the Graphics processing unit (GPU) and the information transfer interface (Multi Point Interface, MPI). Hierarchical computing power optimization scheduling model and improved microservice deployment s11trategy that integrates multi-level resources. The performance verification experiment results show that the mean value of all node balance ratios of the original strategy and the improved strategy on computing resource-oriented, memory resource-oriented, and disk resource-oriented microservices are 0.13 and 0.12, 0.21 and 0.17, and 0.22 and 0.19, respectively. The value of the service instance cost in the scheme using the critical path optimization scheduling strategy is always at a low level, while the instance cost value of the native strategy is significantly higher than the former. It can be seen that the end-side computing power optimization scheduling model designed in this study can indeed play a role in improving the computing performance of the end-side computing power network.

Hot‐spot aware multicost‐based energy‐efficient routing protocol for WBANs

SummaryWireless body area networks (WBANs) are becoming widely considered in remote healthcare monitoring applications. However, WBAN nodes have limited resources; therefore, effective and reliable routing protocols are pivotal research challenges. Furthermore, balancing the traffic load among sensor nodes is also highly required to increase network stability. In recent years, many interesting routing solutions have been proposed for WBANs; however, the significant feature in terms of stability and energy in these solutions has not been sufficiently addressed. Therefore, in this context, the Hot‐Sspot Aaware Multicost‐based Energy‐efficient Routing (H‐SAMER) protocol is proposed in this paper. The suggested protocol used multieffective cost function for next‐hop node selection based on the data type, where the patient's data are categorized into three classes: normal data, on‐demand data, and emergency data. Furthermore, the H‐SAMER protocol adds awareness to the transmission of control packets by adding the cost value to the RREQ packets. Thus, the simulation scenario shows that the H‐SAMER saves energy 8.57%, 88%, 98%, 97%, and 100% greater than E‐HARP, EH‐RCP, CO‐LAEEBA, EECBSR, and ELR‐W, respectively. Moreover, the first node death of the proposed H‐SAMER is delayed to round number 7500, which proves H‐SAMER to be a stable and reliable effective solution for WBANs.

Estimating social discount rate for government investment projects in Russia

The article explores methods of estimating discount rate for investment projects financed with budgetary funds and aimed at creating social benefits. Social benefits often do not have a direct monetary value, so the methods for determining the discount rate for such projects differ from market ones. Spending budget funds on investment projects means that society gives up consumption at the current moment in time for the sake of future return on investment. The discount rate should reflect public preferences regarding the distribution of consumption between the current and future periods. The method for estimating these preferences is called the social rate of time preferences. Another approach to determine the discount rate allows one to consider the alternative possibility of implementing a project in the private sector (social opportunity cost of capital). The article describes the development of methods for evaluating the social discount rate and discusses the possibilities of their application for Russia. The value of the social rate of time preferences, equal to 2.5%, and the value of the social opportunity cost of capital, equal to 4.4—5%, are substantiated for short-and medium-term public investment projects in Russia. Rates are given in real terms.

The Effect of Amortizing the Value of Human Resource Cost on the Financial Performance of Nigeria Banks

This study looked into how Nigerian banks' financial performance was affected by depreciating their human resource costs. The research design used in this study is the survey research design. Reliability and validity of the data sources were established by the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the descriptive and Regression statistical technique. It was discovered that human resources had a major influence (Adj R2 = 0. 858, F (9.064)). The findings showed that financial performance benefited from the expense of human resource training. FP was significantly impacted by HRTC (β = 0.3.86, t = - 1.586, p< 0.05), and FP was significantly impacted by HRAC (β = 0.911, t = 4.143, p<0.05). According to the study, using acquisition costs for human resources has a favorable effect on an organization's financial performance. The management boards of the banks under examination are advised by the study to work toward implementing the policy of classifying human resource costs as assets. To guarantee that their employees have the technical know-how and understanding to perform their tasks more efficiently, banks must plan regular training sessions for their HR department. Since the organization's most significant asset is its human resources, the Central Bank of Nigeria ought to ensure that the funds allocated to them are appropriately declared and acknowledged as assets in bank annual reports. By doing this, the genuine financial performance of the institutions will be more accurately depicted.

Advancing financial transparency and ethical governance: innovative cost management and accountability in higher education and industry

Advancing financial transparency and ethical governance in higher education and industry is imperative for fostering trust, accountability, and sustainability. This review explores innovative cost management strategies and accountability measures to achieve these goals. In both higher education and industry, financial transparency ensures stakeholders have access to accurate, timely, and comprehensible financial information. This transparency is crucial for building trust among investors, donors, regulators, and the public. Moreover, it facilitates informed decision-making and enhances organizational efficiency. One innovative approach to advancing financial transparency is the adoption of cloud-based financial management systems. These systems offer real-time data accessibility, automated reporting, and customizable dashboards, enabling institutions to track expenditures, revenue streams, and budget variances more effectively. Additionally, blockchain technology holds promise in ensuring the integrity and immutability of financial records, reducing the risk of fraud and corruption. Ethical governance goes hand in hand with financial transparency, emphasizing integrity, honesty, and accountability in organizational practices. Robust governance frameworks establish clear lines of responsibility, codes of conduct, and mechanisms for oversight. In higher education, this involves empowering governing boards with diverse expertise and ensuring academic and financial decisions align with institutional missions. To enhance ethical governance, institutions can implement whistleblower protection programs and conduct regular ethics training for employees. These initiatives promote a culture of transparency and integrity, encouraging individuals to report unethical behavior without fear of retaliation. Cost management plays a pivotal role in financial sustainability and ethical governance. Traditional cost-cutting measures often focus on reducing expenses without considering long-term implications. Innovative cost management, however, emphasizes efficiency, value creation, and sustainability. Activity-based costing is one such approach that allocates costs based on the activities that drive them, providing a more accurate understanding of resource consumption. This enables institutions to make informed decisions about resource allocation and pricing strategies. Furthermore, strategic sourcing and vendor management help optimize procurement processes, negotiate favorable contracts, and mitigate risks associated with third-party relationships. Collaborative partnerships with industry stakeholders can also facilitate knowledge sharing, resource pooling, and cost-saving opportunities. Accountability mechanisms are essential for ensuring that financial resources are used responsibly and in alignment with organizational objectives. Performance metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs) provide benchmarks for evaluating financial and operational performance. These metrics should be transparent, relevant, and aligned with strategic goals. Advancing financial transparency and ethical governance requires a multifaceted approach encompassing technological innovation, robust governance frameworks, strategic cost management, and accountability measures. By embracing these principles, both higher education institutions and industries can build trust, enhance efficiency, and achieve long-term sustainability. Keywords:  Financial Transparency, Ethical Governance, Cost Management, Accountability, Higher Education, Industry

Regression based stochastic energy management strategy for a grid connected microgrid using Artificial Electric Field Algorithm

Recent decade has witnessed steep technological advancement in the renewable energy sector due to growing concern of climate change and emission cut target. The lack of availability of fossil fuels and the high price of the same have made the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) as a promising approach for generating clean and sustainable energy at local level. This persuades the implementation of Microgrid (MG) supported with RES, to cater various types of load demand. However, planning and optimizing a MG operation have become challenging due to the intermittent nature of RES and uncertain loads. To address this issue, this paper introduces a Stochastic Energy Management Strategy (SEMS) for a grid connected MG comprising Photovoltaic, Wind Turbine, Fuel Cell, Micro Turbine, Battery Energy Storage and electrical as well as heat energy demand. The volatilities of RES power output and energy demand are modeled via Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) respectively. The problem is framed as non-linear (NL) dynamic stochastic optimization problem and solved using ‘Artificial Electric Field Algorithm (AEFA)’. Here, minimization of expected value of operational and emission cost are taken as objective functions; while various practicality aspects are modeled as constraints in the problem. Further, the efficacy of the proposed approach is validated around the first central moment of the load. Various case studies are performed to estimate the day ahead optimum operating schedule of the Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and to assess the impact of load uncertainties on DER operation and total MG operation cost. Further, the efficacy of the GPR is verified through comparison with MCS based result.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ONLINE AND OFFLINE SHOPPING

This study aims to identify the factors that influence customers' choices between in-store and online shopping, as well as any relationships (direct or indirect) between these factors and the two channels. To better comprehend the factors that impact our choices to purchase online or in a real store, this research will function as a theoretical examination. Drawing findings from graphical analysis requires first determining which demographic groupings prefer online shopping over more conventional brick-and-mortar establishments. An analysis of correlation can shed light on the nature of the connection between the product's price and the quantity sought for. Simple regression analysis is a statistical method that uses the value of one related variable to estimate the value of another connected variable. Here, we'll estimate the quantity purchased online using the cost value. Clothing and cosmetics account for the bulk of women's monthly online product purchases, with an average of one unit per customer. The most effective and widely seen form of advertising is discount commercials targeted at female consumers. The average male spends more money each month than the average female, shops at supermarkets instead of specialty businesses, and prefers to purchase gaming gear online. The quantity bought has an inverse relationship with the cost per unit. Keyword; Consumer, online shopping, offline shopping, consumer behavior, regression analysis, graphical analysis, correlation analysis, online, offline, products, shopping .

Optimal techno-economic design of PV-wind hydrogen refueling stations (HRFS) for 20 selected Saudi sites

The current study proposes a model of an autonomous HRFS installed on different sites in 20 Saudi cities powered by renewable clean energy sources. The station is fully powered by photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines involving an electrolyzer and hydrogen tank for producing and storing hydrogen. Three scenarios are investigated to propose an optimized model, namely Scenario 1 containing (PV-Wind-Battery) system, Scenario 2 with (Wind-Battery) technologies, and Scenario 3 with (PV-Battery) components. The HRFS is expected to feed the load hydrogen demand of 25 hydrogen cars with a storage tank capacity of 5 kg. The simulation is carried out using the well-known HOMER software and the description of the technical parameters of the renewable plant together with a detailed economic feasibility for the investigated cities are also performed. Furthermore, the optimization process executed demonstrates a competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) especially for the third scenario with a LCOH varying within $12–15.9/kg and LCOE in range $ 0.332–0.414/kWh, for all 20 cities. For instance, encouraging lowest values of net present cost (NPC) and LCOE are obtained for the futuristic NEOM mega city relatively to the first and third scenarios with values (NPC = $1,576,000, LCOE = $ 0.627/kWh) and (NPC = $830,494, LCOE = $ 0.332/kWh), respectively. On another hand, thorough analysis of PV/Wind hydrogen technoeconomic operation is provided including improvements recommendations, scenarios comparison and environmental impact discussion.

Integration of optimal power flow with combined heat and power dispatch of renewable wind energy based power system using chaotic driving training based optimization

Combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) based optimal power flow (OPF) problem has been studied in this article using a new, practical approach based on chaotic driving training optimization (DTBO) (CDTBO). In the proposed technique (CDTBO), the chaotic based learning is integrated with DTBO to overcome the local optimal problem and inferior convergence speed of the existing algorithms. OPF is an important concern to retain the power system running effectively. In order to meet the demand for reasonably priced power generation with optimal power flow in transmission lines, the authors combined CHPED and OPF. Since fuel is changing daily in the current environment, using renewable energy sources to generate electricity economically is crucial. The renewable energy source like wind energy is integrated with thermal units for economic power generation with reducing the thermal fuel consumption of CHPED-based OPF system. The proposed technique implemented on CHPED based IEEE-30 bus system for renewable and without renewable energy sources with considering different cases. The suggested problem considering with valve point loading of thermal units, transmission losses and uncertainties of wind speed to address the non-linearity of the renewable-based CHPED-OPF system. Cost minimization, voltage deviation control, transmission losses minimization and stability index are the single objectives of the prospective system. Furthermore tested on multi-objective functions for simultaneously minimization of cost with emission and simultaneously minimization of active power loss with voltage profile. It is observed that the proposed CDTBO technique helps to reduce the cost by 2% and 12.8% for renewable based system as compared to non-renewable system for multi-objective function. The robustness of the proposed solution has been verified by implementing the statistical analysis on two systems with least variation of mean and optimal values of cost with the tolerance of less than 0.0035%. A comparison has been made with recent well known optimization techniques to address the superiority of the suggested CDTBO algorithm.

Valuing resources in Thailand using the budget constraint method

This study develops comprehensive monetary conversion factors for Thailand to apply in life cycle assessment (LCA) in order to account for environmental externalities associated with products and services. An innovative methodology integrates resource scarcity alongside six determinants within the budget constraint approach to derive lacking economic production factors. The estimated potential gross economic production per capita represents the willingness to pay for alleviating damages. Impact assessment data is then monetized into quality adjusted life years, biodiversity adjusted hectare years, and monetary values. The resulting factors enable consistent valuation of environmental costs and benefits of products and services alongside techno-economic aspects. The outcomes are relevant to sustainability assessment and reporting needs by offering localized means to quantify dependencies and externalities. Application of developed monetary conversion factors to energy, transport, industry, infrastructure, and tourism sectors can internalize environmental impacts from production and consumption activities. The methodology provides policymakers and businesses with a holistic measure to make informed decisions aligned with sustainability goals and resilient economic growth. By reconciling development with resource conservation, this research aims to steer decisions that improve societal well-being and economic growth in balance with the planet.

Cost-Benefit Methodology in Public Investment in the Peruvian Educational Sector of Invierte.Pe. a Practical Case

Objective: The purpose of the research is to show a specific process to perform the cost/benefit analysis in the social evaluation of public investment projects in the education sector, applying the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) profitability indicators, taking into account that the approach of the National System of Multiannual Programming and Investment Management (Invierte.pe) applies a different methodology as the cost/efficiency analysis, where it uses criteria such as the Present Value of Costs (PVC) and the Cost Efficiency Indicator (CEI).   Theoretical framework: In order to present our proposal, we used as a theoretical framework, mainly the directives, instructions, procedures, and methodological guides proposed by the Ministry of Economy and Finance of Peru, which can be improved by considering the results of investment in education.   Method: The research proposes a technique to evaluate investment projects in the education sector through the cost/benefit methodology instead of the cost/effectiveness methodology. Within the materials and methods, an education sector investment project approved by Invierte.pe was used, and we added cost/benefit analysis to estimate the profitability indicators NPV and IRR to carry out the social evaluation of the project.   Results: The results show that the education project has a net present value of S/. 794,874.30 at social prices, and an internal rate of social return of 9.56%. Finishing the research, it can be concluded based on the results obtained that it is possible to incorporate the cost/benefit methodology in the formulation and evaluation of standard, simplified technical sheets and studies at the profile level of public investment projects in the education sector.   Conclusions: It can be concluded that it is feasible the social evaluation of investment projects in the educational sector of the Peruvian state, through the cost/benefit methodology in the region and the country, by means of the profitability indicators NPV and IRR, obtaining a higher internal rate of return.

Optimization Model of Emergency Evacuation Network Based on Genetic Algorithm

Aggregation and dispersion are the normal states. In economic production and social life, the evacuation of people and materials deserves extensive attention. From the perspective of mathematics and economics, arranging a thoughtful evacuation is essential for the best balance between personal satisfaction and cost. In this paper, evacuation is deeply studied by a genetic algorithm;  the balance, cost, and willingness (satisfaction) priority models, which consider both satisfaction and cost, are established. In this paper, based on the field investigation and questionnaire survey conducted by Oriental Sports Center, overall satisfaction is inferred by the satisfaction of each person in the tested sample, and the time cost from the evacuation point to different reception points is inferred through actual investigation. Based on these data, a balance model is established, and the calculation is performed. The ratio of the total willingness value of the evacuated individuals to the total cost is taken as the function of the optimization objective. When the optimization objective function is complex, the genetic algorithm is used to search for the optimal solution by simulating the process of natural evolution. At the same time, the cost priority and willingness priority models are established to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different evacuation schemes and their applicable situations. The evacuation of Oriental Sports Center is studied using a genetic algorithm. The objective function value of equilibrium model optimization is 0.2155 (optimal solution), significantly different from willingness priority model optimization (0.0300). After calculating the optimization objective function value and cost value under the conditions of cost priority and willingness priority, a “People-oriented and cost-balanced” suggestion is put forward for a large crowd evacuation scheme.

The cost-effectiveness of iruplinalkib versus alectinib in anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive crizotinib-resistant advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients in China.

Iruplinalkib is a second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with efficacy in patients with ALK-positive crizotinib-resistant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is independently developed by a Chinese pharmaceutical company. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of iruplinalkib versus alectinib in the Chinese healthcare setting. A partitioned survival model was developed to project the economic and health outcomes. Efficacy was derived using unanchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC). Cost and utility values were obtained from the literature and experts' opinions. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were carried out to evaluate the model's robustness. Treatment with iruplinalkib versus alectinib resulted in a gain of 0.843 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) with incremental costs of $20,493.27, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $24,313.95/QALY. Parameters related to relative efficacy and drug costs were the main drivers of the model outcomes. From the PSA, iruplinalkib had a 90% probability of being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $37,863.56/QALY. Compared to alectinib, iruplinalkib is a cost-effective therapy for patients with ALK-positive crizotinib-resistant advanced NSCLC.

Cost-effectiveness of BRCA1 testing at time of obstetrical prenatal carrier screening for cancer prevention

BackgroundImproved technologies paired with an increase in access to genetic testing has led to the availability of expanded carrier screening evaluating hundreds of disorders. Currently, most autosomal dominant mutations, such as BRCA1, are not included in expanded carrier assays. Screening pregnant or preconception reproductive-aged women for BRCA1 may present a unique opportunity to perform population-based screening for patients at a time where precancer screening, chemoprevention and/or risk reducing surgery may be beneficial. ObjectiveThe objective of our study was to inform clinical decision making as to whether the universal incorporation of BRCA1 testing at the time of obstetrical prenatal carrier screening is cost-effective. Study DesignA decision analysis and Markov model was created. The initial decision point in the model was BRCA1 testing at the time of expanded carrier screening. Model probabilities, cost, and utility values were derived from published literature. For BRCA1-positive patients, the model simulated breast cancer screening and risk-reducing surgical interventions. A cycle length of 1 year and a time horizon of 47 years was used to simulate the lifespan of patients. Setting was Obstetrical clinics in U.S., and Participants were a theoretical cohort of 1,429,074 pregnant patients who annually undergo expanded carrier screening. ResultsAmong our cohort, BRCA1 testing resulted in identification of an additional 3,716 BRCA1 patients, prevention of 1,394 breast and ovarian cancer cases, and 1,084 fewer deaths. BRCA1 testing was a cost-effective strategy compared to no BRCA1 testing with an ICER of $86,001/QALYs. In a one-way sensitivity analysis, we varied the prevalence of BRCA1 in the population from 0% up to 20% and found that BRCA1 testing continued to be the cost-effective strategy until prevalence rate was reduced to 0.16% (Table S1). Multiple additional sensitivity analyses did not substantially impact the cost-effectiveness. ConclusionThe addition of BRCA1 testing to obstetrical prenatal carrier screening is a cost-effective management strategy to identify at-risk women at a time when cancer screening and preventive strategies can be effective. Despite the burden of additional genetic counseling, prenatal care represents a unique opportunity to implement population-based genetic testing.

Power Plant Maintenance Investment Decision Making Based on Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Risk Cost Case Study: Replacement Tube HRSG 1.2 Combine Cycle Power Plant Belawan

This study analyzes the feasibility of investing in the HRSG 1.2 replacement tube as a guide in making decisions based on reliability, availability, maintainability as an operational aspect, and risk cost as a risk aspect and analyzes the financial aspect. This feasibility analysis was carried out on 3 alternative options, namely just replacing the leaking HRSG 1.2 tube or corrective maintenance, doing the HRSG 1.2 tube replacement as a whole and doing the HRSG 1.2 tube replacement partially. In the analysis of operational aspects, it was obtained an increase in the reliability value of HRSG 1.2 by 0.137, an increase in the availability of HRSG 1.2 by 0.016 and an increase in the maintainability of HRSG 1.2 by 0.0006, so that it could increase operational performance combine cycle power plant block I. In the financial aspect analysis, capital budgeting was calculated which resulted in a net present value of IDR 360.419.186.184 and an internal rate of return of 7,51%. Meanwhile, in the risk aspect analysis, the risk cost value is below the risk appetite statement and in the moderate category. So that the investment work to maintain the HRSG 1.2 CCPP Belawan replacement tube is feasible to increase company value.

Factors Influencing Domestic Tourist to Visit Bali as a Medical Tourism Destination: A Preliminary Investigation

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of destination image, destination image, perceived value of medical costs, and perceived value of medical facilities and services on the intention to visit Bali as a medical tourism destination. The research used quantitative methodology, employing a survey method. The population consisted of all of domestic tourists who visited Bali. The sample was 87 domestic tourists who came to Bali for medical tourism purposes. The research findings indicate that destination image, perceived value of medical costs, and perceived value of medical facilities and services have an impact on intention to visit Bali for medical tourism. However, the perception of Bali as a destination did not have any impact on tourists' intention to visit for medical tourism purposes. These findings provide both theoretical and practical implication. A collaborative effort involving several parties is necessary to enhance the branding and promotion of medical tourism.

A New Tool to Assess the Economic Impact of Q Fever on Dairy Cattle Farms.

To support farmers in their decisions related to Q fever, a dedicated economic assessment tool is developed. The present work describes the calculator, its economic rationale, and the supporting assumptions. The calculator integrates a yearly compartmental model to represent population dynamism and the main interactions between disorders linked to Q fever, especially reproductive disorders (abortion, retained foetal membranes, purulent vaginal discharge and endometritis, extra services, and calving-conception delays). The effects of the nontangible cost of the disease on human health, the welfare of the animals, and the workload of farmers were not integrated into the model. The model shows high-level sensitivity to the prevalence of Q fever in the herd prevaccination and to the costs of abortion and extra days of calving-conception intervals. Breakeven points, i.e., cost values that allow us to achieve positive vaccination benefits, are also reported. For herds with moderate or high prevalence rates of Q fever prevaccination (>30%), a vaccination benefit is observed. The vaccine should be considered a type of insurance in herds with low prevalence rates of Q fever prevaccination (≤20%). The calculator was developed to aid decision-making at the farm level, and no conclusion can be extrapolated as a generic trend based on the present work.

A quality appraisal of economic evaluations of community water fluoridation: A systematic review.

To critically appraise the methodological conduct and reporting quality of economic evaluations (EE) of community water fluoridation (CWF). A systematic literature search was conducted in general databases and specialist directories of the economic literature. The Consensus on Health Economic Criteria list (CHEC) appraised the methodological quality while the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) assessed the reporting quality of included studies. A total of 1,138 records were identified, of which 18 met the inclusion criteria. Cost analysis emerged as the most prevalent type of EE, though a growing trend towards conducting full EEs is observed. CHEC revealed the items most frequently unfulfilled were the study design, measurement and valuation of costs and outcomes, while CHEERS also identified reporting deficiencies in these aspects. Furthermore, the review highlights subtleties in methodological aspects that may not be discerned by CHEC, such as the estimation of the impact of fluoridation and the inclusion of treatment savings within cost estimates. While numerous studies were conducted before publication of these assessment instruments, this review reveals that a noteworthy subset of studies exhibited good methodological conduct and reporting quality. There has been a steady improvement in the methodological and reporting quality over time, with recently published EEs largely adhering to best practice guidelines. The evidence presented will assist policymakers in leveraging the available evidence effectively to inform resource allocation decisions. It may also serve as a resource for researchers to enhance the methodological and reporting standards of future EEs of CWF.

An effective aeration system for high performance pond aeration at low energy cost

AbstractWith the effective use of aerators with low energy cost and high aeration performance, aquaculture areas can be developed and supported. The main objective of this study is to determine the optimal physical parameters of high aeration capacity high head conduits and to ensure low energy costs, thus to present a comprehensive review of its usability for pond aeration. In this study, a high-head gated conduit was used as the aeration unit. After obtaining the design that will maximize the aeration performance of the high-head gated conduit, a prototype model was developed to ensure its effective use in pond aeration. The parameters affecting the performance of this developed aeration system and the corresponding energy cost values were determined. According to the results, the most important parameters affecting the aeration performance are, respectively, flow rate, the opening of the gate, hydrostatic level, and jet plunge angle. In the optimal design, more than three times the unit volume of water circulating in the system is added to the system. The cost value of this operation in terms of energy was measured as 0.10 kWh/m3 air. The developed system was found to have significantly higher energy efficiency values compared to alternatives, based on specific energy consumption data.

Optimal ordering quantity by retailer from supplier with transportation cost in a supply chain

Successful retailer-supplier collaborative relationship enhance profitability in the delivery of products or services to customers in a supply and can help alleviate pressures along all key points in the supply system. A strong alliance can bring products to market faster; reduce production and logistics costs, drive market shares, and increase sales, while maximizing profit for both partners. The success of fast-moving consumer goods from the suppliers has a direct relationship with the performance of the leading retailers, which are their main channel of distribution. The objective of this study was to establish a profit model between a single supplier and multiple supply chain collaboration that will enhance response to customer requirements. We considered the costs for various parties and use a referenced simplified framework model to obtain joint optimal pair for the outcome of coordination between the retailer and supplier. Our results showed that the value of the annual cost, with the same optimal ordering quantity, is higher when the retailer incurs transportation cost than when the supplier incurs transportation cost. This study revealed that the supplier will minimize cost when incurring transportation charges and maximize profit.